Research & Publications

Discover our team’s most recent contributions to wastewater surveillance research. Publications are listed below by order of publication date.

Searchable keywords/tags: COVID-19, Modeling, Variants, Normalization, Biomarker, HIV, Norovirus, Candida auris, Influenza, H5, RSV, subtyping

CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Spatial aggregation methods for interpreting wastewater concentrations at jurisdictional scales: Insights from two SARS-CoV-2 monitoring programs

E. M. G. Chan, E. Burnor, A. Zulli, C. Lu, A. T. Yu, and A. B. Boehm

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Wastewater concentrations of rotavirus RNA are associated with infection and vaccination metrics in the USA

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Importance of a heat snap in RT-PCR quantification of rotavirus double-stranded RNA in wastewater

  • S. Kang, A. Wettlauffer, J. de Korne-Elenbaas, C. B. Niwagaba, L. Strande, D. Duong, B. Shelden, T. R. Julian, and A. Boehm

  • Env. Science: Water Research & Technology

  • October 2025

  • https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00773A

  • Keywords/tags: Rotavirus

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Systematic review and meta-analysis of enteric virus shedding in human excretions

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

West Nile Virus (Orthoflavivirus nilense) RNA concentrations in wastewater solids at five wastewater treatment plants in the United States

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Solid-liquid partitioning of dengue, West Nile, Zika, hepatitis A, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in wastewater from across the USA

  • L. Roldan-Hernandez, C. Van Oost, and A. Boehm

  • Env. Science: Water Research & Technology

  • May 2024

  • https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00225C

  • Keywords/tags: Dengue, West Nile virus, Zika, hepatitis A, HAV, influenza, influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Estimating effective reproduction numbers using wastewater data from multiple sewersheds for SARS-CoV-2 in California counties

Abstract

The effective reproduction number serves as a metric of population-wide, time-varying disease spread. During the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, this metric was primarily derived from case data, which has varied in quality and representativeness due to changes in testing volume, test-seeking behavior, and resource constraints. Deriving nowcasting estimates from alternative data sources such as wastewater provides complementary information that could inform future public health responses.

  • S.Ravuri, E.Burnor, I.Routledge, N.M.Linton, M.Thakur, A.Boehm, M.Wolfe, H.N.Bischel, C.C.Naugton, A.T.Yu, L.A.White and T.M.Leon

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Wastewater for public health: timely, sensitive, and reliable SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant monitoring in California

  • E.Burnor, A.T.Yu, M.K.Wolfe, R.S.Kantor, T.M.Leon, S.Ravuri, M.S.Rane, M.V.Panditrao, C.Naughton, A.Rabe, S. Harris-Lovett, A.Abram, D.Borthwick, B.White, J.B.Silvia, C.Lang, W.Probert, D.Wadford, H.N.Bischel, S.Jain, K.Nelson, A.B.Boehm, and D.J.Vugia

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Spatiotemporal Variability of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Biomarker in Wastewater

  • A.Rosegart, A.Bidwell, M.Wolfe, A.Boehm and F.W.Townes

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) total nucleic acids in wastewater settled solids from two California communities

  • M.Wolfe, M.Verkila, A.Zulli, J.Parsonnet and A.Boehm

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Wastewater Surveillance for Norovirus, California, USA

  • A.T.Yu, E.Burnor, A.Rabe, S.Rutschmann, M.Wolfe, J.Burmester, C.Pan, A.Chen, H.Guvevara, C.Morales, D.Wadford, A.Boehm and D.Vugia

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Human pathogen nucleic acids in wastewater solids from 191 wastewater treatment plants in the United States

  • A.Boehm, M.Wolfe, A.Bidwell, A.Zulli, V.Chan-Herur, B.White, B.Shelden and D.Duong

  • Scientific Data

  • October 2024

  • https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03969-8

  • Keywords/tags: SARS-CoV-2, influenza, variants, RSV, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus D68, human parainfluenza, norovirus, rotavirus, Candid auris, hepatitis A, human adenovirus, mpox, h5, pepper mild mottle virus

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Wastewater Surveillance for Influenza A Virus and H5 Subtype Concurrent with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in Cattle and Poultry and Associated Human Cases …

  • S.Louis, M. Mark-Carew, M. Biggerstaff, J. Yoder, A.B. Boehm, M. K. Wolfe, M.Flood, S.Peters, M. Stobierski, J. Coyle, M. T. Leslie, M. Sinner,; D. Nims, V.Salinas,  L.Lustri, H.Bojes, V.Shetty, E.Burnor, A.Rabe, G. Ellison-Giles, A. T. Yu, A.Bell, S.Meyer, R. Lynfield, M.Sutton, R.Scholz, R.Falender, S. Matzinger, A.Wheeler, F. S. Ahmed, J.Anderson,  K.Harris, A.Walkins,  S.Bohra,  V.O’Dell, V. T. Guidry,  A.Christensen,  Z.Moore, E.Wilson, J. L. Clayton, H.Parsons, K.Kniss,  A.Budd, J.W. Mercante, H.E. Reese, M.Welton,  M.Bias, J.Webb, D.Cornforth, S.Santibañez, R.H. Soelaeman, M.Kaur, A.E. Kirby, J.R. Barnes, N.Fehrenbach, S. J. Olsen, and M.A. Honein

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Prospective study of Candida auris nucleic acids in wastewater solids in 190 wastewater treatment plants in the United States suggests widespread occurrence

  • A.Zulli, E.Chan, B.Shelden, D.Duong, X.Xu, B.White, M.Wolfe, and A.Boehm

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 Influenza A Virus Sequence in Municipal Wastewater Solids at Wastewater Treatment Plants with Increases in Influenza A in Spring, 2024

  • M.Wolfe, D. Duong, B.Shelden, E.Chan, V.Chan-Herur, S.Hilton, A.Paulos, X.Xu, A.Zulli, B.White and A.Boehm

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Public health policy impact evaluation: A potential use case for longitudinal monitoring of viruses in wastewater at small geographic scales

  • E.M.Chan, A.Bidwell, Z.Li, S.Tilmans and A.B.Boehm

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

A mixed-effects model to predict COVID-19 hospitalizations using wastewater surveillance

  • M.L. Daza–Torres, J. C. Montesinos-López, H. N. Bischel, C.C. Naughton, A. N. Desai, M. K. Wolfe, A.B. Boehm and M. Nuño

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Observations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Nucleic Acids in Wastewater Solids Across the United States in the 2022–2023 Season: Relationships with RSV Infection Positivity and Hospitalization …

  • A.Zulli, M.R.J.Varkila, J.Parsonnet, M.K.Wolfe, and A.B.Boehm

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

A retrospective longitudinal study of adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, and enterovirus nucleic acids in wastewater solids at two wastewater treatment plants: …

  • A.B.Boehm, B.Shelden, D.Duong, N.Banaei, B.J.White, and M.K.Wolfe

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CA /CDPH WWS Team CA /CDPH WWS Team

Notes from the Field: The National Wastewater Surveillance System’s Centers of Excellence Contributions to Public Health Action During the Respiratory Virus Season — Four U.S. Jurisdictions, 2022–23

  • D. Valencia, A. T. Yu, A. Wheeler, L. Hopkins, I. Pray, L. Horter, D. J. Vugia, S. Matzinger, L. Stadler, N. Kloczko, M. Welton, S. Bertsch-Merbach, K. Domakonda, D. Antkiewicz, H.Turner, C. Crain, A. Mulenga, M.Shafer, J. Owiti, R. Schneider, K. H. Janssen, M. K. Wolfe, S. L. McLellan, A. B. Boehm, A. Roguet, B. White, M. K. Schussman, M. S. Rane, J.Hemming, C.Collins, A.Abram, E. Burnor, R. Westergaard, J.N. Ricaldi, MD1; J. Person, and N. Fehrenbach

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