Research & Publications
Discover our team’s most recent contributions to wastewater surveillance research. Publications are listed below by order of publication date.
Searchable keywords/tags: COVID-19, Modeling, Variants, Normalization, Biomarker, HIV, Norovirus, Candida auris, Influenza, H5, RSV, subtyping
Wastewater concentrations of rotavirus RNA are associated with infection and vaccination metrics in the USA
E. M. G. Chan, A. Zulli, and A. Boehm
NPJ Viruses
October 2025
Keywords/tags: Rotavirus, vaccine-preventable
Importance of a heat snap in RT-PCR quantification of rotavirus double-stranded RNA in wastewater
S. Kang, A. Wettlauffer, J. de Korne-Elenbaas, C. B. Niwagaba, L. Strande, D. Duong, B. Shelden, T. R. Julian, and A. Boehm
Env. Science: Water Research & Technology
October 2025
Keywords/tags: Rotavirus
Systematic review and meta-analysis of enteric virus shedding in human excretions
G. Zheng, E. M. G. Chan, and A. Boehm
The Lancet: eBioMedicine
August 2025
Keywords/tags: Adenovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A, HAV, shedding, enteric
West Nile Virus (Orthoflavivirus nilense) RNA concentrations in wastewater solids at five wastewater treatment plants in the United States
A. Zulli, D. Duong, B. Shelden, A. Bidwell, M. Wolfe, B. White, and A. Boehm
PeerJ
July 2025
Keywords/tags: West Nile Virus
Solid-liquid partitioning of dengue, West Nile, Zika, hepatitis A, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in wastewater from across the USA
L. Roldan-Hernandez, C. Van Oost, and A. Boehm
Env. Science: Water Research & Technology
May 2024
Keywords/tags: Dengue, West Nile virus, Zika, hepatitis A, HAV, influenza, influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
Estimating effective reproduction numbers using wastewater data from multiple sewersheds for SARS-CoV-2 in California counties
Abstract
The effective reproduction number serves as a metric of population-wide, time-varying disease spread. During the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, this metric was primarily derived from case data, which has varied in quality and representativeness due to changes in testing volume, test-seeking behavior, and resource constraints. Deriving nowcasting estimates from alternative data sources such as wastewater provides complementary information that could inform future public health responses.
S.Ravuri, E.Burnor, I.Routledge, N.M.Linton, M.Thakur, A.Boehm, M.Wolfe, H.N.Bischel, C.C.Naugton, A.T.Yu, L.A.White and T.M.Leon
Journal of Epidemics
March 2025
Keywords/tags: Modeling, COVID-19
Wastewater for public health: timely, sensitive, and reliable SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant monitoring in California
E.Burnor, A.T.Yu, M.K.Wolfe, R.S.Kantor, T.M.Leon, S.Ravuri, M.S.Rane, M.V.Panditrao, C.Naughton, A.Rabe, S. Harris-Lovett, A.Abram, D.Borthwick, B.White, J.B.Silvia, C.Lang, W.Probert, D.Wadford, H.N.Bischel, S.Jain, K.Nelson, A.B.Boehm, and D.J.Vugia
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
January 2025
Keywords/tags: COVID-19, variants
Spatiotemporal Variability of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Biomarker in Wastewater
A.Rosegart, A.Bidwell, M.Wolfe, A.Boehm and F.W.Townes
ACS E&T Water
December 2024
Keywords/tags: Normalization, Biomarker
Detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) total nucleic acids in wastewater settled solids from two California communities
M.Wolfe, M.Verkila, A.Zulli, J.Parsonnet and A.Boehm
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
November 2024
Keywords/tags: HIV
Wastewater Surveillance for Norovirus, California, USA
A.T.Yu, E.Burnor, A.Rabe, S.Rutschmann, M.Wolfe, J.Burmester, C.Pan, A.Chen, H.Guvevara, C.Morales, D.Wadford, A.Boehm and D.Vugia
Emerging Infectious Diseases
November 2024
Keywords/tags: Norovirus
Human pathogen nucleic acids in wastewater solids from 191 wastewater treatment plants in the United States
A.Boehm, M.Wolfe, A.Bidwell, A.Zulli, V.Chan-Herur, B.White, B.Shelden and D.Duong
Scientific Data
October 2024
Keywords/tags: SARS-CoV-2, influenza, variants, RSV, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus D68, human parainfluenza, norovirus, rotavirus, Candid auris, hepatitis A, human adenovirus, mpox, h5, pepper mild mottle virus
Wastewater Surveillance for Influenza A Virus and H5 Subtype Concurrent with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in Cattle and Poultry and Associated Human Cases …
S.Louis, M. Mark-Carew, M. Biggerstaff, J. Yoder, A.B. Boehm, M. K. Wolfe, M.Flood, S.Peters, M. Stobierski, J. Coyle, M. T. Leslie, M. Sinner,; D. Nims, V.Salinas, L.Lustri, H.Bojes, V.Shetty, E.Burnor, A.Rabe, G. Ellison-Giles, A. T. Yu, A.Bell, S.Meyer, R. Lynfield, M.Sutton, R.Scholz, R.Falender, S. Matzinger, A.Wheeler, F. S. Ahmed, J.Anderson, K.Harris, A.Walkins, S.Bohra, V.O’Dell, V. T. Guidry, A.Christensen, Z.Moore, E.Wilson, J. L. Clayton, H.Parsons, K.Kniss, A.Budd, J.W. Mercante, H.E. Reese, M.Welton, M.Bias, J.Webb, D.Cornforth, S.Santibañez, R.H. Soelaeman, M.Kaur, A.E. Kirby, J.R. Barnes, N.Fehrenbach, S. J. Olsen, and M.A. Honein
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
September 2024
Keywords/tags: Influenza, subtyping, H5
Prospective study of Candida auris nucleic acids in wastewater solids in 190 wastewater treatment plants in the United States suggests widespread occurrence
A.Zulli, E.Chan, B.Shelden, D.Duong, X.Xu, B.White, M.Wolfe, and A.Boehm
American Society of Microbiology
July 2024
Keywords/tags: Candida auris
Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 Influenza A Virus Sequence in Municipal Wastewater Solids at Wastewater Treatment Plants with Increases in Influenza A in Spring, 2024
M.Wolfe, D. Duong, B.Shelden, E.Chan, V.Chan-Herur, S.Hilton, A.Paulos, X.Xu, A.Zulli, B.White and A.Boehm
Environmental Science & Technology Letters
May 2024
Keywords/tags: Influenza, H5
Public health policy impact evaluation: A potential use case for longitudinal monitoring of viruses in wastewater at small geographic scales
E.M.Chan, A.Bidwell, Z.Li, S.Tilmans and A.B.Boehm
PLOS Water
June 2024
Keywords/tags: Policy, evaluation
A mixed-effects model to predict COVID-19 hospitalizations using wastewater surveillance
M.L. Daza–Torres, J. C. Montesinos-López, H. N. Bischel, C.C. Naughton, A. N. Desai, M. K. Wolfe, A.B. Boehm and M. Nuño
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
April 2024
Keywords/tags: Modeling, COVID-19
Observations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Nucleic Acids in Wastewater Solids Across the United States in the 2022–2023 Season: Relationships with RSV Infection Positivity and Hospitalization …
A.Zulli, M.R.J.Varkila, J.Parsonnet, M.K.Wolfe, and A.B.Boehm
ACS ES&T Water
February 2024
Keyword/tags: RSV
A retrospective longitudinal study of adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, and enterovirus nucleic acids in wastewater solids at two wastewater treatment plants: …
A.B.Boehm, B.Shelden, D.Duong, N.Banaei, B.J.White, and M.K.Wolfe
ASM
February 2024
Keywords/tags: Norovirus
Notes from the Field: The National Wastewater Surveillance System’s Centers of Excellence Contributions to Public Health Action During the Respiratory Virus Season — Four U.S. Jurisdictions, 2022–23
D. Valencia, A. T. Yu, A. Wheeler, L. Hopkins, I. Pray, L. Horter, D. J. Vugia, S. Matzinger, L. Stadler, N. Kloczko, M. Welton, S. Bertsch-Merbach, K. Domakonda, D. Antkiewicz, H.Turner, C. Crain, A. Mulenga, M.Shafer, J. Owiti, R. Schneider, K. H. Janssen, M. K. Wolfe, S. L. McLellan, A. B. Boehm, A. Roguet, B. White, M. K. Schussman, M. S. Rane, J.Hemming, C.Collins, A.Abram, E. Burnor, R. Westergaard, J.N. Ricaldi, MD1; J. Person, and N. Fehrenbach
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
December 2023
Keywords/tags: COVID-19, Influenza, RSV
Wastewater Detection of Emerging Arbovirus Infections: Case Study of Dengue in the United States
M.K. Wolfe, A. Harvey Paulos, A. Zulli, D.Duong, B. Shelden, B.J. White, and A. B. Boehm
ES&T Letters
December 2023
Keywords/tags: Dengue, Arbovirus
